Cone crusher



GONE CRUSHER Filed July 1`, 196:5

5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.l

Jan. 4, 19:66 K. GoLUcKE ETAL 3,227,381

GONE CRUSHER Filed July 1, 196s s sheets-sheet 2 Figz Jan. 4, 1966 K. GoLUcKE ETAL 3,227,381

GONE GRUSHER Filed July 1, 1963 3 sheets-sheet 5 United States Patent() 3,227,381 CONE CRUSHER Karl Golcke, Bensberg, near Cologne, and Hanns Decker, Cologne-Rath, Germany, assignors to Klockner- Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft, Cologne-Deutz, Germany, a corporation of Germany Filed July 1, 1963, Ser. No. 291,692 Claims priority, application Germany, June 29, 1962, K 47,104 8 Claims. (Cl. 241-208) Our invention relates to a cone crusher with an eccentrically driven crushing cone and more particularly to a cone crusher for comminuting minerals such as rocks and ores.

In known cone `Crushers of this type, the crusher cone has a tendency during idling i.e. when no material is being crushed to rotate with the driving mechanism, such as an eccentric sleeve, due to its frictional engagement therewith. When the crushed is impacted with material to be crushed, the movement of the crusher cone is naturally braked. However it lalways takes a little time due to its inertia before the wobbling movement of the crusher cone is damped to such an extent that it is rendered motionless. As the crusher cone is being braked, the crushed granules that are produced are not of the granule size normally produced. Wearing of the components of the cone crusher which take part in the crushing operation also occurs because of the tangential friction produced in the crusher cone.

The aforementioned rotation of the crusher cone with the eccentric sleeve drive when the cone crusher is idling, has no special significance if the crusher is continuously being fed. When feeding is intermittant, on the other hand, rotation of the crusher cone with the eccentric sleeve driving mechanism creates the aforementtioned difficulties. The tendency for the crusher cone to rotate with the driving mechanism furthermore becomes greater when the gap or spacing between the crusher cone and the outer shell of the crusher is adjusted to such a width that the material to be crushed which is located between the crusher cone and the crusher lining of the outer shell fails to produce the required frictional results.

It is accordingly an object of our invention to provide a cone crusher in which there can be no rotation of the crusher cone with the driving mechanism during idling of the =machine, i.e. when no material is being broken.

With this object in view and in accor-dance with a feature of our invention, we provide a crusher cone which is connected with a fixed member of the cone crusher by means of a free-Wheeling clutch so that the crusher cone is prevented from rotating with the crusher drive mechanism during idling.

In accordance with another feature of our invention, the free-wheeling clutch is connected on the one hand rigidly with the fixed shaft of the cone crusher and on the other hand by means of a universal joint to the crusher cone.

In accordance with yet another feature of our invention, the universal connecting joint is a torsion rod which is non-rotatably though pivotably installed within the inner hub of the free-wheeling clutch. The inner hub, therefore, has an inner diameter of such length that the torsion rod can follow the movement of the crusher cone without hindrance.

j 3,227,381 Patented Jan. 4, 1966 ice In accordance with additional aspects of our invention, the crusher cone is pivotally mounted with a spherical collet in a` spherical shell on a movable piston which is held non-rotatable though axially shiftable within a bore of a fixed shaft of the cone crusher; a sleeve with inner teeth is provided in the center of the spherical shell and is in meshing engagement with arcuate teeth located at a lower end of the torsion rod; and the spherical collet is provided with a central cut-out of such diameter that the torsion rod can follow the movement of the crusher cone without hindrance.

The novel features which are consideredas characteristic for the invention are set forth in particular in the appended calims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of a specific embodiment when read in connection with the accomp'anying drawings in which:

FIG. l is a longitudinal section through a cone crusher constructed in accordance with our invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section through the upper part of the cone crusher shown in FIG. l; and

FIG. 3 is a cross section taken along the line III-III in FIG. 2 in the direction of the arrows showing a freewheeling clutch that forms part of our invention.

Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIG. l, there is shown a frustoconical shell 1 to which is secured an annular crusher lining 2 and which is supported by a lower housing portion 3. A crusher cone 4 (FIG. 2) is mounted within the crusher lining 2 and is provided with a crusher mantle 5 which is secured on the outer surface thereof by a sleeve 41 and nut 40, respectively keyed to and threaded on a partly hollow throat portion 36 of the crusher cone. The crusher cone 4 is slidably supported on an eccentric sleeve 6 which in turn carries other sleeves 7 and 7 respectively on its outer and inner sides that act as slide bearings respectively on the lower part 21 of the crusher cone and on a tubular shaft 16 which is fixed to a hub 12 of the lower housing portion 3. A bevel gear 8 is threadedly mounted at the lower end of the eccentric sleeve 6 or secured by any other suitable means thereon, and meshes with a bevel pinion 9 of a drive shaft 10. The shaft 10 is driven by an electric or other suitable motor (not shown) in clockwise direction, i.e. in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 1. The eccentric sleeve 6 is mounted at its lower end on an anti-friction thrust bearing 11 which is seated on the hub 12 of the lower housing portion 3.

As shown in FIG. 2, a spherical collet 13 is secured to the interior of the crusher cone 4 by bolts and is carried in a spherical shell 14 that is in turn bolted to the upper end of an adjusting piston 15. The width of the gap 18 between the crusher lining 2 and the mantle 5 is adjustable by raising and lowering the crusher cone 4 by suitably moving a spindle 19 which forms a lower extension portion of the adjusting piston 15 to which the spindle 19 is threadedly connected at 19a.

As seen in FIG. l, the piston 15 is mounted in an axial bore of the fixed tubular shaft 16 and is slidable therein in the axial direction of the cone crusher but is held against rotation by a tongue and groove arrangement 44 or by a suitable key and slot arrangement or the like, but is slidable in an axial direction of the cone crusher. Co-

axially surrounding the spindle 19 is an elongated bushing 42 having an annular flange at one end which engages an annular shoulder of the spindle 19. An elongated annular spring 17 is coaxially mounted on the bushing 42 and abuts at one end the flange of the bushing 42 and at the other end the inner surface of a fitting 43 threadedly secured to an end of the xed shaft 16. Thus, whenever a lump of material that cannot be crushed, for example a piece of metal, enters the crushing space 1S between the crusher lining 2 and the crusher mantle 5, the crusher cone 4 is smoothly displaced downwardly against the yielding bias of the spring 17 conveyed through the bushing 42 and piston 15.

A ring 20 encloses the lower portion 21 of the crusher cone 4 separating the latter from the crusher housing 3. Suitable gaskets 22 are also provided between the crusher housing and the crusher cone so that a substantially dustproof seal of the interior of the cone crusher is assured.

The spindle 19 of the piston 15 is provided with a centrally located axial bore 23 (FIG. l) which serves as an oil feed passage, the bore 23 continuing upwardly into a bore 23 (FIG. 2) of the adjusting piston and leading to a central axial bore of a torsion rod 26. All of the rotating and sliding components of the cone crusher are thus maintained in an oil bath which permits trouble-free operation of the cone crusher.

The crusher cone 4 is operatively connected to a fixed part of the cone crusher by a free-wheeling clutch 28 and thereby prevented from rotating with the crusher driving mechanism during idling. The free-wheeling clutch 28 is accordingly securely connected against rotation with the xed shaft 16 through the piston 15 on the one hand and is connected for universal movement with the crusher cone 4 on the other hand. The universal connecting member is the torsion rod or bar 26 which is mounted non-rotatably though pivotably within an inner hub 27 (FIGS. 2, 3) of the free-wheeling clutch 28. The inner hub 27 has an inner diameter of such size that the torsion rod 26 is able to follow the wobbling movement of the crusher cone 4 without hindrance.

Teeth 24, 25 are disposed on both ends of the torsion rod 26 and mesh with inner teeth 24 formed in the hub 27 and with teeth 25' lformed in a sleeve 37, respectively, the -sleeve 37 being secured in the center of the spherical shell 14 of the adjusting piston 15. A central cutout or aperture 31 is provided in the spherical collet 13 and has such a large diameter as to similarly permit the pivoting movement of the torsion rod 26 to follow the movement of the crusher cone 4.

The tooth prole of the teeth 24, 25 of the torsion rod 26 is arcuate. This shape advantageously prevents the formation of destructive stresses on the edges of the teeth 24, 25 which mesh with the teeth 24', 25 of the hub 27 and sleeve 37 respectively as the torsion rod 26 follows the wobbling movement of the crusher cone 4.

The free-wheeling clutch 28 has an outer ring 32 and is secured in the hollow throat portion 36 (FIGS. 2, 3) of the crusher cone 4 by fastening the outer ring 32 to the throat portion 36 with screws 32b. The clutch 28 by means of the ratchet wheel 30 permits rotation of the crusher cone 4 only in one direction and in such a way that the forward turning of the cone crusher is prevented during idling of the machine. In the embodiment illustrated the forward rotation is in the direction of the arrow 34 (FIG. 3). When material to be crushed is fed into the cone crusher between the crusher cone 4 and crusher lining 2, there occurs a counter-rotating motion of the crusher cone 4, for example on the order of revolutions per minute, because of the planetary or epicyclic movement of these components. This counter-rotating motion takes place only because the crusher cone 4 is released from the free-wheeling clutch. As can be seen in FIG. 3, when the crusher cone 4 rotates counter to the ratchet gear 30 i.e. opposite to the direction of the arrow 34, the free-wheeling clutch serves primarily as a combination ball and roller bearing. Several rollers 29 are provided between the ratchet wheel 30 and the outer race 32 thereof, the position of the rollers 29 being accurately predetermined by the shape of the bearing surface area within the free-wheeling clutch. Ball bearings 33 space the clutch components 30, 32 evenly from each other, and also aid relative rotation therebetween. When the ratchet wheel 30 is turned, however, in the direction of the arrow 34 (in the forward direction) each of the rollers 29 is forced by the biasing action of the respective helical spring 35 into the corner that is formed between the respective teeth of the ratchet wheel 30 and the outer race 32 so that it is clamped therebetween and causes immediate braking of the rotary motion. The clutch is thus locked, and rotation of the crusher cone 4 in the direction of the arrow 34 which usually occurs during idling in cone Crushers that have been previously made is consequently prevented by our invention.

The entire braking system comprising the free-wheeling clutch 28, the torsion rod 26 with upper and lower teeth 24, 25, as well as the inner toothed sleeve 37 is incorporated in the central oil circulatory system of the cone crusher. To effect proper lubrication of the parts the oil flows under pressure from an oil pump (not shown) through the central bores 23, 23 of the torsion rod in an upward direction and flows across the teeth 24, 24 back once again into the interior of the crusher cone 4. From there it is returned in a known manner to the oil circulatory system of the cone crusher.

The general operation of the cone crusher constructed in accordance with our invention is as follows:

The material to be crushed is delivered by feeding equipment (not shown) to a feed hopper 38 and from there into the annular gap or crushing space 18. The material is comminuted between the crusher mantle 5 and the crusher lining 2 by the movement of the crusher cone 4. The crushed material then passes through an opening 39 in the crusher housing to an outlet from which it is removed.

While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a cone crusher, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention. Other adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of the equivalents of the following claims.

We claim:l

1. A cone crusher comprising a stationary shaft; a crusher cone rotatable with respect to said stationary shaft, means for feeding crushable material into crushing engagement with said cone; rotating drive means for ec centrically driving said cone whereby material fed into engagement therewith is crushed, said cone tending to rotate about its axis in the rotating direction of said drive means when no material is being crushed by said cone; clutch means for holding said crusher cone against its tendency to rotate in said direction, said clutch means comprising a hollow hub; and a torsion rod extending into said hub, said torsion rod being pivotably though nonrotatably secured at one end to said stationary shaft and being connected for universal movement with said crusher cone at the other end, said hollow hub having an inner diameter providing clearance therein for the universal movement of said torsion r-od in response to the movement of said crusher cone.

2. A cone crusher according to claim 1, wherein said hollow hub is formed with teeth on the inner surface thereof and said torsion rod is formed at one end with arcuate teeth meshing with the teeth of said hub.

3. A cone crusher comprising a stationary hollow shaft; an adjusting piston at least partially received in said stationary hollow shaft and being axially movable to selected adjusting positions, said adjusting position being ary hollow shaft and being provided with a concave shell at one end thereof; a convex collet slidingly seated in said concave shell; -a crusher cone secured to and supported by said collet, said crusher cone being r-otatable with respect to said stationary shaft; means for feeding crushable material into crushing engagement with said cone; rotating means for eccentrically driving said cone whereby material fed into engagement therewith -is crushed, said cone tending t-o rotate about Iits axis in the rotary direction of said drive means in a condition of said cone crusher in which no material is being crushed by said cone; clutch means for holding said crusher cone again-st its tendency to rotate in the rotary direction of said drive means; and a torsion r-od xedly connecting said clutch means on one hand to said stationary shaft and connected for universal movement on the other hand with said crusher cone.

4. A cone crusher according to claim 3, wherein a sleeve formed with teeth on the inner surface thereof is secured in the center of said concave shell, said torsion lrod being provided at one end with arcuate teeth meshing with the teeth `of said sleeve, said convex collet being formed with a central aperture wide enough to provide clearan-ce for the universal movement of said to-rsion rod in response to the movement of said crusher cone.

5. A cone crusher comprising an upright stationary hollow shaft; an adjusting piston at least partially Ieceived in said stationary hollow shaft, said adjusting piston being movable in the axial direction of said shaft to selected ladjusting positions and being constrained against rotation with respect to said s-tationa-ry hollow shaft, said adjusting pist-on having a concave shell at the upper end thereof; a centrally apertured convex collet slidingly seated in said -concave shell; a crusher cone secured to and supported by said convex collet on said concave shell, said crusher cone 'being rotatable with respect to said station-ary shaft; means for feeding crushable material into crushing engagement with said cone; rot-ating means for eccentrcally driving said cone whereby material fed into engagement ltherewith is crushed, said cone tending .to rotate about its axis in the rotary direction of said drive means when no material is being crushed by said cone; free-wheeling clutch means for holding said crusher cone against its tendency to rotate in the rotary direction of said drive means, said clutch means comprising a hollow hub formed with teeth on the inner side thereof,

said concave shell having a sleeve secured to the center there-of, said sleeve being formed with internal teeth; and a torsion rod extending through said apertured collet into said hub, said torsion rod being formed -at its ends with arcuate teeth meshing respectively with the teeth of said sleeve and the teeth of said hub, whereby said clutch mean-s is xedly connected on one hand to said stationary shaft yand connected for universal movement on the other hand with said crusher cone.

6. A cone crusher according to claim 5, wherein said torsion rod is formed with an axial bore providing a path for the flow of lubricating oil to the upper end thereof and passage means in said free-wheeling clutch means for returning the -ow of the oil over the arcuate teeth at both ends of said torsion rod and over the inner teeth of both said hub and said sleeve.

7. A cone crusher comprising stationary means; a crusher cone .rotatable relative to said stationary means; means for feeding crushable material into crush-ing engagement with said cone; rotating drive means for eccentrically driving said cone whereby material fed into engagement ytherewith is crushed, said cone tending to rotate about its axis in the same direction as that of said rotating drive mean-s when no material is being crushed by said cone; and a free-wheeling clutch for holding said cone against its :tendency to rotate in the same direction as that of said rotating means, said free-wheeling clutch being fixedly connected on one hand to said stationary means and being connected on the other hand for universal movement with said crusher cone, said free-wheeling clutch being effective only when substantially no material is Vbeing crushed by said crusher cone.

8. A cone crusher according to claim 1, wherein said torsion rod -is formed with teeth at both ends thereof, said hollow hub and said main shaf-t having correspond- -ing teeth meshing respectively with the teeth at the ends of said torsion rod.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 12/1951 Lippmann 241-215 4/ 1958 Messinger 24H-208 

7. A CONE CRUSHER COMPRISING STATIONARY MEANS; A CRUSHER CONE ROTATABLE RELATIVE TO SAID STATIONARY MEANS; MEANS FOR FEEDING CRUSHABLE MATERIAL INTO CRUSHING ENGAGEMENT WITH SAID CONE; ROTATING DRIVE MEANS FOR ECCENTRICALLY DRIVING SAID CONE WHEREBY MATERIAL FED INTO ENGAGEMENT THEREWITH IS CRUSHED, SAID CONE TENDING TO ROTATE ABOUT ITS AXIS IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS THAT OF SAID ROTATING DRIVE MEANS WHEN NO MATERIAL IS BEING CRUSHED BY SAID CONE; AND A FREE-WHEELING CLUTCH FOR HOLDING SAID CONE AGAINST ITS TENDENCY TO ROTATE IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS THAT OF SAID ROTATING MEANS, SAID FREE-WHEELING CLUTCH BEING FIXEDLY CONNECTED ON ONE HAND TO SAID STATIONARY MEANS AND BEING CONNECTED ON THE OTHER HAND FOR UNIVERSAL MOVEMENT WITH SAID CRUSHER CONE, SAID FREE-WHEEL- 